Portolá erected the Presidio of Monterey to defend the port and, on June 3, 1770, Serra founded the Cathedral of San Carlos Borromeo inside the presidio enclosure. The land party was met at Monterey by Junípero Serra, who traveled by sea. Gaspar de Portolá returned by land to Monterey the next year, having concluded that he must have been at Vizcaíno's Port of Monterey after all. Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí noted in his diary, "We halted in sight of the Point of Pines (recognized, as was said, in the beginning of October) and camped near a small lagoon which has rather muddy water, but abounds in pasture and firewood." On the return journey, they camped near one of Monterey's lagoons on November 27, still not convinced they had found the place Vizcaíno had described. The party continued north as far as San Francisco Bay before turning back. The explorers failed to recognize the place when they came to it on October 1, 1769. They sought Vizcaíno's Port of Monterey, which he had described as "a fine harbor sheltered from all winds" 167 years earlier. In 1769, the first European land exploration of Alta California, the Spanish Portolá expedition, traveled north from San Diego. As a result it commissioned the Portola exploration and Alta California mission system. Despite the explorations of Cabrillo and Vizcaino, and despite Spain's frequent trading voyages between Asia and Mexico, the Spanish did not make Monterey Bay into a settled permanent harbor before the eighteenth century because it was too exposed to rough ocean currents and winds.ĭespite Monterey's limited use as a maritime port, the encroachments of other Europeans near California in the eighteenth century prompted the Spanish monarchy to try to better secure the region. Monterey Bay had been described earlier by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, but he had given it a different name. Some variants of the city's name are recorded as Monte Rey and Monterey. Monterrey is an alternate spelling of Monterrei, a municipality in the Galicia region of Spain from which the viceroy and his father (the Fourth Count of Monterrei) originated. He anchored in what is now the Monterey harbor on December 16, and named it Puerto de Monterrey, in honor of the Conde de Monterrey, who was then the viceroy of New Spain. The current bay's name was given by Sebastián Vizcaíno in 1602. A number of midden sites have been located along about 12 miles (19 km) of rocky coast on the Monterey Peninsula from the current site of Fishermans' Wharf in Monterey to Carmel. Researchers have found a number of shell middens in the area and, based on the archaeological evidence, concluded the Ohlone's primary marine food consisted at various times of mussels and abalone.
They subsisted by hunting, fishing and gathering food on and around the biologically rich Monterey Peninsula. Long before the arrival of Spanish explorers, the Rumsen Ohlone tribe, one of seven linguistically distinct Ohlone groups in California, inhabited the area now known as Monterey. Gaspar de Zúñiga, 5th Count of Monterrey, namesake of Monterey Bay and thus the city and county Ohlone period Monterey's present-day attractions include the Monterey Bay Aquarium, Cannery Row, Fisherman's Wharf, California Roots Music and Arts Festival, and the annual Monterey Jazz Festival. Until the 1950s there was an abundant fishery. Monterey and the surrounding area have attracted artists since the late 19th-century, and many celebrated painters and writers have lived in the area. The 2020 census recorded a population of 30,218. The city occupies a land area of 8.466 sq mi (21.93 km 2) and the city hall is at 26 feet (8 m) above sea level. at the end of the war, Monterey hosted California's first constitutional convention in 1849. After Mexico ceded California to the U.S. In 1846, during the Mexican–American War of 1846–1848, the United States Flag was raised over the Customs House. It was originally the only port of entry for all taxable goods in California. During this period, Monterey hosted California's first theater, public building, public library, publicly-funded school, printing-press, and newspaper. Founded on June 3, 1770, it functioned as the capital of Alta California under both Spain (1804 to 1821) and Mexico (1822 to 1846). Monterey ( / ˌ m ɒ n t ə ˈ r eɪ/ ( listen) MON-tə- RAY Spanish: Monterrey Ohlone: Aacistak) is a city located in Monterey County on the southern edge of Monterey Bay on the U.S.
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